WG21 MAILINGS

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The C++ Committee publishes papers in monthly mailings. Pick one below to browse its papers.

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February 2026 Papers

⧉ open-std.org

76 papers · WG21 mailing

A WG21 mailing is the month's batch of papers under committee review.
Intent Informational
Published 2026-01-22
Author(s) Guy Davidson
Audience
Intent White-paper
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Michael Wong, SG5
Audience
Abstract 1 The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Intent Informational
Published 2026-03-03
Author(s) Guy Davidson
Audience
Abstract | Replaces: | | | 5035 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Date: | | | 2026-03-03 | | Reply to: | | | Guy Davidson (standard.guy@hatcat.com) |
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Oliver Kowalke, Nat Goodspeed
Audience , ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract This paper proposes a minimal API that enables stackful context switching **without** the need for a scheduler. The API is suitable to act as building-block for high-level constructs such as stackful coroutines as well as cooperative multitasking (aka user-land/green threads that incorporate a **scheduling** facility).
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Michael Wong, J. Garland, P. McKenney, R. Orr, B. Stroustrup, D. Vandevoorde, M. Wong
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract This is intended as a document updated as times go by and new facts and opinions emerge. It tries to articulate our aims for C++.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Andrzej Krzemieński, Tomasz Kamiński
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract The motivation for default function arguments is to enable two different function invocation forms while providing a single function declaration:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Mungo Gill, Vinnie Falco
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract C++20 provides symmetric transfer ([P0913R1](https://wg21.link/p0913r1)[1]) - a mechanism where `await_suspend` returns a `coroutine_handle<>` and the compiler resumes the designated coroutine as a tail call. Coroutine chains execute in constant stack space. `std::execution` ([P2300R10](https://wg21.link/p2300r10)[5]) composes asynchronous operations through sender algorithms. These algorithms cre
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Eddie Nolan
Audience , ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-26
Author(s) Daniel Towner, Ruslan Arutyunyan
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract ISO/IEC 19570:2018 introduced data-parallel types to the C++ Extensions for Parallelism TS [P1928R15]. That paper, and several ancillary papers, do an excellent job of setting out the main features of an extension to C++ which allows generic data parallel programming on arbitrary targets. However, it is inevitable that the programmer will want to make some use of target-specific intrinsics in orde
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Matthew Taylor, Arthur O'Dwyer
Audience
Revisions R3
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Currently, [[dcl.fct.def.default]/2.5](https://eel.is/c++draft/dcl.fct.def.default#2.5) permits an explicitly defaulted special member function to differ from the implicit one by adding *ref-qualifiers*, but not *cv-qualifiers*.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-19
Author(s) Daniel Towner, Ruslan Arutyunyan
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract The C++ standard library includes data-parallel types in the `<simd>` header, currently restricting element types to a closed list: arithmetic types and `std::complex` specializations. This paper proposes a minimal change to the specification in which the closed list is replaced with trait-based constraints that handle all existing types while naturally extend support to enumerations, `std::byte`
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Mateusz Pusz, Dominik Berner, Johel Ernesto Guerrero Peña, Charles Hogg, Nicolas Holthaus, Roth Michaels, Vincent Reverdy
Audience , , ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Several groups in the ISO C++ Committee reviewed the “P1935: A C++ Approach to Physical Units” [[P1935R2]](https://wg21.link/p1935r2) proposal in Belfast 2019 and Prague 2020. All those groups expressed interest in the potential standardization of such a library and encouraged further work. The authors also got valuable initial feedback that highly influenced the design of the V2 version of the [[
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Hans Boehm, Dave Claussen, David Goldblatt
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract The current object lifetime rules insist that the last update to an object happens-before destruction of the object. This is arguably too conservative in ways that the authors found surprising and undesirable. We propose to relax the rule in a way that better aligns it with programmer intuition.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-28
Author(s) Aurelien Cassagnes
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Attributes are used to a great extent, and there is new attributes being added to the language somewhat regularly.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-25
Author(s) Hui Xie, S. Levent Yilmaz, Louis Dionne, Patrick Roberts
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract This paper proposes a new type-erased view: `std::ranges::any_view`. That type-erased view allows customizing the traversal category of the view, its value type and a few other properties. For example:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-20
Author(s) Daniel Towner
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract When iterating over large dynamic data sets using `std::simd` there will inevitably be situations where the very last block of data doesn’t fill the entire `std::simd` object. This remainder needs to be processed using a partially filled `std::simd` object. For example:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-20
Author(s) Joshua Berne, Timur Doumler, Jens Maurer, Shafik Yaghmour
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-17
Author(s) Jan Schultke
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract [Carry-less multiplication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry-less_product) is a simple numerical operation on unsigned integers. It can be a seen as a regular multiplication where `xor` is being used as a reduction instead of `+`.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-21
Author(s) Jan Schultke
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract In distant history, there have been various attempts at standardizing multi-precision integers in C++, such as [[N1692]](https://wg21%2elink/n1692) "A Proposal to add the Infinite Precision Integer to the C++ Standard Library", [[N1744]](https://wg21%2elink/n1744) "Big Integer Library Proposal for C++0x", and [[N4038]](https://wg21%2elink/n4038) "Proposal for Unbounded-Precision Integer Types", al
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-21
Author(s) Jan Schultke, Corentin Jabot
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Testing whether a character falls into a specific subset of ASCII characters or performing some simple transformations are common tasks in text processing. For example, applications may need to check if identifiers are comprised of alphanumeric ASCII characters or underscores; Unicode properties are not relevant to this task, and usually, neither are locales.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-20
Author(s) Jan Schultke
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract C++ currently only offers truncating integer division in the form of the `/` operator. However, other rounding modes have various use cases too, and implementing these as the user can be surprisingly hard, especially when integer overflow needs to be avoided, and negative inputs are accepted.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Jan Schultke
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract The `std::array` class template has established itself as a de-facto replacement for "builtin arrays" or "C-style arrays" in many code bases. This also means that it is frequently taught to novice programmers, with an explanation along the lines of:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Matt Cummins, Valentyn Yukhymenko
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract This paper proposes a new standard library template, `consteval_hash<T>`, with a single specialization for `meta::info`. The purpose of this facility is to provide a standard interface for compile-time hashing, thereby allowing unordered containers such as `unordered_map` and `unordered_set` to be used with `meta::info` keys, and potentially with other types in future.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Viacheslav Luchkin, Gašper Ažman
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract This paper extends compound requirements to allow noexcept specifiers to be applied conditionally. The proposed syntax for this is `requires { { *expression* } noexcept(*constant-expression*) -> *return-type-constraint*; }`.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-13
Author(s) Matthias Kretz
Audience
Revisions R3
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract | Document Number: | P3844R4 | | --- | --- | | Date: | 2026-02-13 | | Reply-to: | Matthias Kretz <m.kretz@gsi.de> | | Audience: | LWG | | Target: | C++26 |
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-10
Author(s) Jagrut Dave, Alisdair Meredith
Audience ,
Revisions R4
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Several parts of the standard and library refer to structural types, including library mandates that types be structural, yet there is no way to query whether a type is structural. Library mandates clauses mean that library implementers must somehow have this functionality, but it is simply not exposed to users. We propose a new reflection metafunction - *is_structural_type(info)* as a solution, w
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Guy Davidson, Jan Schultke
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract This paper proposes adding five overload sets to the standard library for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root calculation, correctly rounded as specified in ISO/IEC 60559:2020.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Jon Bauman, Timur Doumler, Nevin Liber, Ryan McDougall, Pablo Halpern, Jeff Garland, Jonathan Müller
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract In recent years there have been numerous recommendations from industry, academia and government to prefer “memory-safe languages”1. Rust is consistently described as a memory-safe language while C++ is not — despite the fact that both can exhibit undefined behavior violating many of the commonly understood memory safety guarantees such as protection against buffer overflows and dangling pointers.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Jan Schultke, Peter Bindels
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Support for `char8_t` and other Unicode character types in `std::to_chars` and `std::from_chars` is clearly useful. File formats such as JSON require the use of Unicode character encodings, so an application that deals with JSON may want to use `char8_t` in its APIs and internally. However, when attempting to use `char8_t` for this purpose, one quickly runs into problems:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-20
Author(s) Jan Schultke, Matthias Kretz
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract The current specification of floating-point overflow is unclear. Floating-point overflow occurs when finite operands are used as operands, and the result cannot be represented as a finite value. For [[ISO/IEC 60559:2020]](https://www%2eiso%2eorg/standard/80985%2ehtml) floating-point numbers, this results in infinity.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-28
Author(s) Victor Zverovich
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract [P2845], adopted in C++26, added formatting support for `std::filesystem::path`, addressing encoding issues and making formatting lossless except for one case, unpaired surrogates on Windows. This paper proposes addressing this case and making formatting 100% lossless by default via the WTF-8 encoding ([WTF-8]). This will improve consistency in path handling between Windows and POSIX platforms and
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-13
Author(s) Matthias Kretz
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract | Document Number: | P3932R0 | | --- | --- | | Date: | 2026-02-13 | | Reply-to: | Matthias Kretz <m.kretz@gsi.de> | | Audience: | LWG | | Target: | C++26 |
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-27
Author(s) Corentin Jabot
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract `atomic_ref<T>::address` currently returns a `T*`. This function was added by [P2835R7](https://wg21.link/P2835R7) [1], which cover the use cases for this function. In short, we might want to know the address for hashing for contention-aware data structure, indexing an array atomically, etc.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-20
Author(s) Jan Schultke
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract The core language wording in the C++ standard does not specify what values a floating-point type may represent. There are a few questions that have no obvious answer:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Dietmar Kühl
Audience , ,
Revisions R1
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract There are a few NB comments raised about the way `affine_on` works:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-17
Author(s) Victor Zverovich
Audience
Revisions R0
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract [P2918] introduced `std::runtime_format` to allow opting out of compile-time format string checks in `std::format`. Subsequently, [P3391] made `std::format` usable in constant evaluation. As a result, `std::runtime_format` can now be evaluated at compile time, making its name misleading. This paper proposes renaming `std::runtime_format` to `std::dynamic_format` to better reflect its semantics and
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Inbal Levi, Fabio Fracassi, Andreas Weis, Corentin Jabot
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract In 2026-01, the C++ Library Evolution group conducted a series of electronic decision polls [[P3965R0]](https://wg21.link/P3965r0). This paper provides the results of those polls and summarizes the results.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-20
Author(s) Jan Schultke
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract The following use of `std::bit_cast` has undefined behavior at compile time:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-16
Author(s) David Vandevoorde, Jeff Garland, Paul E. McKenney, Roger Orr, Bjarne Stroustrup, Michael Wong
Audience , , ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-20
Author(s) Daniel Towner
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Modern C++ provides powerful facilities for generic programming, but lacks a uniform way to change the element type of containers and container-like types. Consider a simple requirement: convert a container of `float` values to `double` for higher precision computation.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-19
Author(s) Daniel Towner
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract SIMD programming frequently requires reinterpreting vector data at different element granularities—converting packed bytes to shorts, accessing the bit representation of floats, or regrouping data for different operations. While platform intrinsics have long supported this pattern naturally, with `std::simd` programmers must use `std::bit_cast` with fully-specified target types, manually computing
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-22
Author(s) Oliver Rosten
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Document: P3977R0 Date: January 22, 2026 Audience: WG21 Reply to: Oliver J. Rosten (oliver.rosten@gmail.com)
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-09
Author(s) Matthias Kretz
Audience
Revisions R1R0
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract As discussed in [P3948R0], because of language inconsistencies, `std::constant_wrapper` is inconsistently not unwrapping for call and subscript operators whereas all other operators can be found via ADL and the conversion operator implemented in `constant_wrapper`. Looking at `std::`
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Dietmar Kühl
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract There are a few NB comments about `task`’s use of allocators:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Barry Revzin, Jonathan Wakely, Tomasz Kamiński
Audience
Revisions R0
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-30
Author(s) Tomasz Kamiński, Mark Hoemmen
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract **Addresses [PL007: Define the extent member of the `strided_slice`](https://github.com/cplusplus/nbballot/issues/816)**
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-27
Author(s) Daniel Towner
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract The Working Draft makes `simd` types `TriviallyCopyable`, which allows `std::bit_cast` operations. However, the object representation is unspecified, making the results implementation-defined.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Bjarne Stroustrup
Audience , , ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract * C’s ability to access hardware and manipulate data without overhead. * Simula’s ability to organize programs and guarantee type safety.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-28
Author(s) Daniel Towner
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract The C++26 standard library includes `std::simd::basic_vec<T, Abi>` for data-parallel programming ([simd]). Yet it lacks public concepts for constraining SIMD types in templates, forcing verbose and repetitive constraints:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Vinnie Falco, Mungo Gill, Steve Gerbino
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract C++20 coroutines have five properties that, taken together, make them uniquely suited to asynchronous I/O: type erasure through `coroutine_handle<>` , customization through `promise_type` , stackless independently- resumable frames, symmetric transfer through `await_suspend` , and compiler-managed state that persists across suspension points. Each was designed for generality. Their conjunction yie
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Christof Meerwald
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract ```cpp template<typename ... T> char *f(T &...); // #1 template<typename T> int *f(T &&); // #2 int i; auto *p = f(&i); ```
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-02
Author(s) Ville Voutilainen
Audience
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Abstract This paper proposes a particular form of guaranteed-enforced contracts.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-03
Author(s) Daniel Towner
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Since C++14, the standard library has provided transparent function objects (functors with `void` template specialization and `is_transparent` member type) for most C++ operators, introduced by [N3421]. However, the shift operators (`<<` and `>>`) were not included.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Vinnie Falco, Mungo Gill
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract `std::execution` serves its domain well. Different asynchronous domains have different costs, and a single model cannot minimize all of them simultaneously. This paper identifies four structural gaps where the sender model meets coroutines: three at the boundary - error reporting, error returns, and frame allocator propagation - and one inside the composition mechanism - the symmetric transfer gap
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-08
Author(s) Zhiyi Lin
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Keep full backward compatibility by default, but allow users to opt out of historical C-compatible baggage via modular exclusion—preserving all low-level system programming capabilities in a non-excludable core.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-09
Author(s) Ville Voutilainen
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract We have had a couple of attempts to resolve the Romanian NB comment about the lack of guaranteed-enforced contracts. We've also had some suggestions (e.g. in D3894R0) for a different design for Contracts, but there were some major concerns about it (reliance on lambdas for deferring evaluation for 'ignore', concerns about generic preambles/postambles).
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-09
Author(s) Daniel Towner
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract This paper proposes adding funnel shift operations to the C++ standard library. Funnel shifts concatenate two integer values, shift the concatenated result, and extract bits. This is a fundamental primitive bit operation with widespread use across many domains including cryptography, hashing, compression, and pseudo-random number generation.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-12
Author(s) Matthias Kretz
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract | Document Number: | P4011R0 | | --- | --- | | Date: | 2026-02-12 | | Reply-to: | Matthias Kretz <m.kretz@gsi.de> | | Audience: | EWG |
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Matthias Kretz
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract 1. Novel (no other type in the standard library does this2).
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Vinnie Falco, Mungo Gill
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract C++26 introduces a rich sub-language for asynchronous programming through `std::execution` ([P2300R10](https://wg21.link/p2300r10))[1].
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-16
Author(s) Lisa Lippincott
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract C++26 contracts come with an enforcement mechanism that provides to certain parties (function authors, function callers, and individual compilers, but not entire implementations or program builders) only a nebulous threat of contract enforcement, rather than certainty. This nebulous behavior is not only by design, but is in fact essential to the design. The uncertainty surrounding enforcement make
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Andrew Drakeford
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract This paper proposes **semantics** only. It seeks LEWG validation of the fixed expression structure defined in §4 before committing to API design. This proposal introduces no *algebraic* requirements on `binary_op`
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-01-14
Author(s) Jonas Persson
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Andrzej Krzemieński
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Jonathan Grant
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract ```cpp main4.c:15:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘compile_assert’ 15 | compile_assert(i < buf_size, "check buf index within buffer bounds"); error ```
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Barry Revzin, Jonathan Wakely, Tomasz Kamiński
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract In [[P3981R0] (Better return types in `std::inplace_vector` and `std::exception_ptr_cast`)](https://wg21.link/p3980r0), one of the changes proposed in that paper was changing the return type of `try_append_range`:
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Michael Wong, Jeff Garland, Paul E. McKenney, Roger Orr, Bjarne Stroustrup, David Vandevoorde, Michael Wong
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract **Purpose:** To update the C++ Directions Paper (P2000) with a unified strategy for AI, focusing on governance and ecosystem encouragement.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Michael Wong, Jeff Garland, Paul E. McKenney, Roger Orr, Bjarne Stroustrup, David Vandevoorde, Michael Wong
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Michael Wong, phil Ratzloff
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Vlad Serebrennikov
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract — an enumerating expansion statement if its *expansion-initializer* is of the form *expansion-init-list*;
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Inbal Levi, Fabio Fracassi, Andreas Weis, Corentin Jabot
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract This paper contains the decision polls that the C++ Library Evolution group will take in February 2026.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Michael Wong
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-22
Author(s) Eddie Nolan
Audience , ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract The main reason for adding these views is to assist users of the UTF transcoding range adaptors (see [[P2728R7]](https://wg21.link/p2728r7)). That paper introduces the adaptors `to_utf8`, `to_utf16`, and `to_utf32`, which take as input ranges of `char8_t`, `char16_t`, and `char32_t`. The input and output of these views use native endianness. But users often need to convert to and from UTF encoding
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Ruslan Arutyunyan
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract This paper proposes to rename `system_context_replaceability` namespace.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-23
Author(s) Lénárd Szolnoki
Audience ,
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Being able to compare `meta::info` directly makes metaprogramming that needs to sort types, functions, etc... into some canonical order with standard algorithms more convenient.
Intent Proposal
Published 2026-02-18
Author(s) Daveed Vandevoorde, J. Garland, P. McKenney, R. Orr, B. Stroustrup, M. Wong
Audience
Tracking issue View on GitHub
Abstract Given the severe constraints on committee time and implementation resources for C++29, the DG strongly encourages adherence to the following procedural guidelines in addition to Section 5 Process of P2000 as guidance to the chairs and members:
· source: open-std.org